Fig. 2

Isolated and characterized hBMMSC-Exos induce PT cellular proliferation under normoxia and hypoxia. (A) BCA assay detected a high protein concentration of hBMMSC-Exos samples (n = 7). (B) Electron micrographs of aggregated and individual hBMMSC-Exos revealed homogenous and typical globular particles. Micrographs were also quantified in terms of diameter and size distribution was demonstrated as scatter plot. Uranyl acetate, phosphotungstic acid; 150000x (Scale bar = 100 nm), 250000x (Scale bar = 50 nm) (n = 32). (C) Flow cytometry revealed that 80.41% of exosomes were positive for surface marker CD81 compared to isotype control. (n = 2) (D) The normalized cell index scatter dot plots from 12 to 48 h and (E) ED50 to time graphic of RTCA data for hBMMSC-Exos treatment on PT epithelial cells under normoxia (n = 22). Arrow marks 26th hour of the experiment as the end of the treatment window. (F) The normalized cell index scatter dot plots from 12 to 48 h, (G) dose-response curve and (H) normalized cell index to time graphic of RTCA data for hBMMSC-Exos treatment on PT epithelial cells under hypoxia (n = 32). ED50 of hBMMSC-Exos on PT epithelial cells at 26th hour was calculated as 172,582 µg/ml. The descriptive data is plotted as mean ± SD in (A), (D) and (F). (a) denotes p˂0.05 compared to vehicle, (b) to 0.5 µg/ml hBMMSC-Exos, (c) to 5 µg/ml hBMMSC-Exos, (d) to 50 µg/ml hBMMSC-Exos and (e) to 500 µg/ml hBMMSC-Exos groups